(Prime Ministers Zoian Zaev, of Macedonia, and Alexis Tsipras, of Greece, watch the foreign ministers signing the Prespa Agreement.)
Everything indicates that the relationship between Greece and Russia has worsened in recent months. The cause would be the Prespa Agreement, which the Greeks made with Macedonia, and its effects to the region's geopolitics, traditionally influenced by the Russians for at least two hundred years.
The Prespa Agreement, signed on June 17th, 2018, resolved a dispute between Greece and Macedonia over the latter's name. Athens complained that the nomenclature was a reference to the historical region north of its territory on the border with Macedonia, and there could be claim from neighbors as to ownership of the site. With the Agreement, the country will have to take a series of administrative measures and will be called Republic of North Macedonia.
Indeed, the small Balkan country could claim to join into the UE and NATO, becoming the military alliance's 30th member. The late country to join the alliance was small Montenegro, in April 2017, with the US support. The non-blocking of Macedonia's entry into these two organizations is the only Greek compromise in the agreement.
That's where the problem lies between Greece and Russia. NATO is the main Moscow's military adversary, and it was the agreement closed with Greece that made viable the Macedonia's entry. Due to the name dispute, Athens had been blocking the Skopje's entry into both NATO and the European Union.
That's where the problem lies between Greece and Russia. NATO is the main Moscow's military adversary, and it was the agreement closed with Greece that made viable the Macedonia's entry. Due to the name dispute, Athens had been blocking the Skopje's entry into both NATO and the European Union.
Just before making his trip to Serbia on January 17th, Vladimir Putin said the deal was achieved through political pressure. In this case, by the West. This in a country whose democratic regime is still fragile. And that entry into NATO should bring more instability in an already unstable region. Its not necessary to repeat here that the Kremlin's main headache is the Western military alliance. Any organization's movement provokes reaction on the other side. And vice versa.
To keep in mind the sensitivity of the region in the dispute between NATO and Russia, let us recall the Montenegro's cause that I commented in this blog. From September 2015 until at least May 2016, various protests erupted in Montenegro against the government, who then pleaded for NATO entry. Demonstrators complained this plan, as well as the curtailing freedom of the press, lack of democracy and calling for resignation of then-Prime Minister Mila Djukanovic, who has been in power for more than twenty years. The main opposition leaders were favorable of a closeness to Russia, and went to Moscow to seek for political support for the change of government. They promised to end the the economic sanctions against the Russians and making Montenegro a "neutral" country between a Serbia allied of Moscow and European countries linked to NATO and the EU.
On October 16th, 2016, Djukanovic suffered a coup attempt. Some of its perpetrators were arrested. Some group's members were Russians and/or fled to Russia. Besides the great tension, Montenegro joined NATO in April 2017.
On October 16th, 2016, Djukanovic suffered a coup attempt. Some of its perpetrators were arrested. Some group's members were Russians and/or fled to Russia. Besides the great tension, Montenegro joined NATO in April 2017.
Returning to Greece, discomfort with Russia caused Greeks Independent party's departure from the government coalition composed with Syria bloc of the Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras. An unusual alliance, given IG is a party with a fascist profile and the Syriza a left and far-left bloc.
As I commented in two postings in June 2015 (here and here - in Portuguese), the Kremlin was one of those responsible for sewing the alliance and considered Tsipras a staunch Russia's ally. A list of factors linked Athens to Moscow: the government elected in January 2015 closed a gas sale agreement with Gazprom in February and agreed to extend the Turkish Stream gas pipeline, from the same company, until Greece in June; in 2016, Syriza voted against the EU's economic sanctions against Moscow in the European Parliament; in 2013, Alexander Dugin was in Greece for a lecture invited by the future Greek foreign minister, Niko Kotzias, calling to make Greece a Russia's means of influence in the European bloc, and in another occasion he suggested the name of Tsipras for the Greek government.
Konstantin Malofeev, an oligarch promoter of the Kremlin's foreign policy and under the economic sanctions of the EU, was the financier of Dugin's contacts in Greece. One of the Independent Greeks' deputy was head of Greek-Russian Alliance, an organization dedicated to promoting the relations between the two countries. Both Tsipras and IG's members have been in Russia several times promising to lift the economic sanctions and promote an alliance with Moscow.
Konstantin Malofeev, an oligarch promoter of the Kremlin's foreign policy and under the economic sanctions of the EU, was the financier of Dugin's contacts in Greece. One of the Independent Greeks' deputy was head of Greek-Russian Alliance, an organization dedicated to promoting the relations between the two countries. Both Tsipras and IG's members have been in Russia several times promising to lift the economic sanctions and promote an alliance with Moscow.
Therefore, Greece's agreement with Macedonia not only went against the history of closeness between Greeks and Russians, as it hit the government coalition and the Kremlin's plan for Europe. Again, the pivot of all history was the great Russian adversary, the main barrier to the Eastern forces, NATO.
* Published in Portuguese on January 17th, 2018.
* Published in Portuguese on January 17th, 2018.
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